[3]. A state of the art facility which uses disciplined scholarship to ascertain objective knowledge regarding melanin and maintain a database of such knowledge would help to expand the awareness of melanin and its actual characteristics. This result is related to melanin production during growth of the MEL1 mutant, since the biomass 48 hours is slightly pigmented, while the 72 hours biomass is dark due to the increased production of pigment [157]. What advantages, then, could hairlessness impart? 6 (December 2008): 525-31,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2008.09.013. Melanin is a biological molecule associated with pigmentation in humans and animals. Apart from the scavenging activity, melanin exhibits other biological activities, including thermoregulatory, radio- and photoprotective, antimicrobial, antiviral, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory. Melanin: What Makes Black People Black. In A. nidulans strains, one tyrosinase was identified as the enzyme responsible for the production of melanin pigment, based on its substrate specificity (DOPA substrate) and susceptibility to inhibitors [91, 92]. Given its function as an evolutionarily encoded heuristic that has allowed the human brain to rapidly identify in-group versus out-group dynamics, it has played a role in genocide, slavery, and the rise and fall of civilizations, all of which have been at least partly due to misperceptions about what it means to have more or less melanin in the skin. Studies developed in our laboratory, using a melanin-overproducing mutant (MEL1) from Aspergillus nidulans fungus, showed that the higher production of pigment occurred at incubation temperature of 28C compared to 37C [50]. As explained in a paper published inMedical Hypothesesby retired medical practitioner Iain Mathewson, new research on low-level light therapy, also known as photobiomodulation, may explain the immediate benefit conferred by hairlessness, as it shows that exposure to the red and near-infrared radiation found at sunset increases mitochondrial respiratory chain activity and results in extra synthesis of ATP in all superficial tissuesites, including those of the brain.21Under Mathewsons hypothesis, a random mutation for hairlessness occurring in one of our African forebearers millions of years ago would have conferred an immediate survival advantage over her hairy relatives by enabling her body, especially her brain, to access the red and near-infrared wavelengths generated by ancient sunsets. 2 (2012): 202-11,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2012.08.002. Melanins produced by Exophiala pisciphila and Aspergillus bridgeri ICTF-201 exhibited a significant DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity comparable with that of synthetic melanin, indicating its antioxidant potential [102, 103]. Back To Tokyo Vittorio Brena LABEL: Yesenia GENRE: Deep House RELEASED: 2023-02-17 DOWNLOAD SIZE:: 17,32 MB TRACKS 1. neuromelanin. 4.37. Melanin, the What, the Why and the How: An Introductory Review for Materials Scientists Interested in Flexible and Versatile Polymers. The A. auricula melanin displayed inhibitory activity on biofilm formation of the three bacterial strains, E. coli K-12, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, and P. fluorescens P-3, and there was a proportional reduction in biofilm biomass with the increase in pigment concentration. Access to Any Private Q&A Livestream With Me! Bull [89] identified dopachrome (indole 5,6-quinone 2-carboxylic acid) and melanochrome (indole 5,6-quinone), which are intermediates in the DOPA-melanin pathway, in A. nidulans mutants defective in the production of melanin. - Except for Top Supporter Exclusive ContentAnd My Undying Gratitude!!! In M. ruber, the use of glutamic acid as a nitrogen source showed promising results, either as stimulating the accumulation of extracellular pigments or contributing to increase the efficiency of the pigment production process [45]. Melanin is a biological molecule associated with pigmentation in humans and animals. [145] reported that thin films of melanin were found to enhance Schwann cell growth and neurite extension in rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12 cells) compared to collagen films in vitro. :). Geoffrey Goodman and Dani Bercovich, Melanin Directly Converts Light for Vertebrate Metabolic Use: Heuristic Thoughts on Birds, Icarus and Dark Human Skin,Medical Hypotheses71, no. Some fungal species produce a dark-brown pigment, known as melanin, by oxidative polymerization of phenolic compounds, such as glutaminyl-3,4-dihydroxybenzene (GDHB) or catechol or 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) or 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA). The chemical energy liberated via the dissociation and subsequent charge separation of the water molecule by melanin, in fact, has been estimated to meet over 90 percent of cellular energy needs.17, Research on the melanin-rich intraocular organ pecten in birds explains many phenomena that have eluded scientific explanation, including avian metabolism, bioenergetics, and flight mechanics, and gives us clues about our own bodies ability to use melanin for the purposes of energy. To date our community has made over 100 million downloads. Pigments produced by different microorganisms. Melanin is a substance in the skin that produces skin pigmentation. WebTHE GREAT BOOK OF MELANIN RESEARCH!!! Similar results were also observed for melanin from Ophiocordyceps sinensis, which proved to be an effective DPPH radical scavenger and a strong ferrous iron chelator [105]. [159] In a study on the uptake efficiency of the radiocesium (137Cs) and radiocobalt (60Co) in melanized and nonmelanized fungi, it was observed that 60% of both radionuclides were uptaken by melanin of A. alternata and Aspergillus pulverulents. pheomelanin. In literature, studies have confirmed that fungal melanin acts as metal chelators, enhancing the biomass-metal interaction and consequently its biosorption capacity [14]. If tyrosine is the precursor, it is first converted to L-dopa and then dopaquinone. Melanin, Submitted: June 1st, 2016 Reviewed: December 28th, 2016 Published: March 1st, 2017, Total Chapter Downloads on intechopen.com. A state of the art facility which uses disciplined scholarship to ascertain objective knowledge regarding melanin and maintain a database of such knowledge would help to expand the awareness of melanin and its actual characteristics. Melanin in cell walls of Basidiomycotina is derived from phenolic precursors, as glutaminyl-3,4-dihydroxybenzene (GDHB) or catechol. This workis reproduced and distributedwith the permission of GreenMedInfo LLC. WebMelanin, the What, the Why and the How: An Introductory Review for Materials Scientists Interested in Flexible and Versatile Polymers A. Bernardus Mostert Citation:Mostert, A.B. Researches have also shown that some fungal melanin exhibits immunomodulatory activity through the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production in T lymphocytes and monocytes, as well as fibroblasts and endothelial cells [12, 110, 111]. Silver nanostructures synthesized with melanin derived from Y. lipolytica displayed excellent antifungal activity against an Aspergillus sp. Sayer Jiis the founder ofGreenmedinfo.com, a reviewer at theInternational Journal of Human Nutrition and Functional Medicine,Co-founder and CEO ofSystome Biomed, Vice Chairman of the Board of theNational Health Federation, and SteeringCommittee Memberof theGlobal Non-GMO Foundation. Microbial pigment production is now one of the emerging fields of research due to its potential for various industrial applications, as foodstuff, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and textile manufacturing processes. Visit the help section or contact us Eligible for Free Shipping WebGREAT BOOK OF MELANIN RESEARCH PUBLIC OFFICIAL BONDS BOOK (POB) Public Official Bonds - Make Them Pay!!! Buy on Amazon. WebIn his book The Science & Myth of Melanin Dr. Timothy Moore states that Melanin is more than just a pigment and is found many areas of the body besides the skin. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analyses showed that the three strains formed thick and compact biofilms when grown in the absence of pigment, but the presence of A. auricula melanin resulted in thinner and looser cell aggregations on surfaces instead of normal biofilm architecture. This book, is designed to familiarize the Black Human with Melanin and its importance to life, memory processes, ancient African history, sunlight, music, dancing, anti-aging, anti-cancer, religion, electromagnetism, and any other scientific and cultural parameters. This turning pointfirst the hairlessness, then the expansion of the brainmay be directly traced back to melanin, exemplifying how paramount it is to our species resilience and survival. Amazon.com: Melanin Research Foundation: Books 1 result RESULTS Melanin: Energy from Light and the Soul's Ascent by Melanin Research Foundation | May 3, 2015 20 Kindle $399$6.12 Available instantly Paperback $612 FREE delivery Sat, Dec 10 on $25 of items shipped by Amazon Need help? Since melanin has characteristics of functional materials and bioorganic, a growing number of researchers see this pigment with great interest, taking advantage of their properties for numerous biotechnological applications in cosmetics, pharmaceutical, electronic, and food processing industries [12, 19, 35]. Web A FREE Digital Copy of the Great Book of Melanin Research and The Alkaline Cookbook Access to the Live Weekly Police Stop Law Class. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. In addition, this pigment has a considerable interest biotechnological because it can be produced on a large scale with low cost, making its use for future practical applications economically advantageous. It has been reported that melanin contributes for virulence of C. neoformans, protecting the pathogen against free radicals generated immunologically [29]. In our studies, the toxicity of the melanin from A. nidulans was also evaluated due to its potential practical application as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. The albatross, for instance, is capable of traveling 10,000 miles in a single flight, a bioenergetic feat that has long baffled the scientific community. This book is designed to familiarize the reader with Melanin and its chemical key to life and ALL living things, memory processes, ancient African history, sunlight, music, dancing, anti-aging, anti-cancer, religion, electromagnetism, and any other scientific and cultural parameters. Mechanisms for UltrafastNonradiative Relaxation in Electronically Excited Eumelanin Constituents,Biophysics Journal95, no. Scientists have identified three forms of melanin in humans: eumelanin. Besides, the microorganisms produce an extraordinary range of pigments that include several chemical classes such as carotenoids, melanins, flavins, phenazines, quinones, monascins, violacein, or indigo, as shown in Table1. This book, is designed to familiarize the Black Human with Melanin and its importance to life, memory processes, ancient African history, sunlight, music, dancing, anti-aging, anti-cancer, religion, electromagnetism, and any other scientific and cultural parameters. It has been reported that substances acting as antioxidants protect cells from ROS-mediated DNA damage, which can result in mutation and subsequent carcinogenesis. For example, the pigment production by Penicillium sp. Uploaded by Albertus B. Mostert et al., Role of Semiconductivity and Ion Transport in the Electrical Conduction of Melanin,Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences109, no. on June 15, 2018, There are no reviews yet. At the same time you will be contributing to the Cop Stop Guardian Traffic Stop App! About the author. WebMAGICKAL HOODOO VOODOO HEALING SUPERFOODS. Metabolically, the effects of pH and temperature on fungal pigment production is associated with changes in protein activity, so that the culture conditions may control certain activities such as cell growth, production of primary and secondary metabolites, fermentation, and oxidation processes of the cell [54]. In this way, melanin nanoshells may be used to contain radiation from radioactive waste and biomedical radioactive materials. Studies have shown that the effect of melanin enhancing the survival of fungi under adverse conditions can be mainly due to its powerful free radical scavenger properties, acting as a sponge for other free radicals generated by the fungus in response to environmental stress [20, 29, 30]. Web A FREE Digital Copy of the Great Book of Melanin Research and The Alkaline Cookbook Access to the Live Weekly Police Stop Law Class. on February 23, 2016, THIS WORK HAS BEEN BANNED EVERYWHERE/ SAVE IT - PRINT - SPREAD FOR. Production of the microbial pigments is one of the emerging fields of research due to a growing interest of the industry for safer products, easily degradable and eco-friendly. Gerald H. Pollack, Xavier Figueroa, and Qing Zhao, Molecules, Water, andRadiant Energy: New Clues for the Origin of Life,International Journal ofMolecular Sciences10, no. There are 5 things that the Pineal gland is responsible for: Inner Eye Police Stop Law Packages CRC - Know Your Rights Manual - Qualified Immunity Notices Constitutional Rights Cards & Police Bond Liens! Brief introduction to this section that descibes Open Access especially from an IntechOpen perspective, Want to get in touch? This chapter presents a comprehensive discussion of the research on fungal melanin, including the recently discovered biological activities and the potential use of this pigment for various biotechnological applications in the fields of biomedicine, dermocosmetics, materials science, and nanotechnology. In recent years, efforts have been focused on investigating the potential use of this pigment as active material in tissue repair engineering. Being hairless left us vulnerable to fluctuations in weather since, in comparison to other primates, we must expend significant extra energy to produce body heat to stay warm. 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Go to facebook -> @The.Luciferian.Doctrine, Advanced embedding details, examples, and help, https://play.google.com/store/books/details/My_Female_Slave_book?id=mj5nDwAAQBAJ, https://drive.google.com/file/d/1kes_eIbXPBjyW6pOFeplte6BWdrxbi8x/view, https://www.facebook.com/The.Luciferian.Doctrine/, https://drive.google.com/open?id=1uHAOWHvtvxUNoayL0QY8Ti7nI-qhoY5e, https://play.google.com/store/books/details/The_Luciferian_I_The_Elites_Secr?id=aCppDwAAQBAJ, https://play.google.com/store/books/My_Female_Slave_book?id=mj5nDwAAQBAJ, Folkscanomy: Book Bin (Unsorted and Incoming), Terms of Service (last updated 12/31/2014). Experimental evidences indicate that the growth temperature influences the performance of the pigment production process, but this effect depends on the type of organism. Whereas most other biomolecules experience a destructive form of oxidative damage as a result of radiation exposure, melanin remained structurally and functionally intact, appearing capable of producing a continuous electric current that could theoretically be used to produce metabolic energy in living systems. The fungi grown under red light have no effect, and green or yellow light resulted in worsening effect in all the fungi, thus postulating the existence of photoreceptors responsive to dark and light in all the fungi. 8 (August 2004): 656-https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1349-7006.2004.tb03325.x. Buy on Amazon. UNITED KINGDOM, Sandra R. Pombeiro-Sponchiado, Gabriela S. Sousa, Jazmina C. R. 1: the Great Oracle of Tehuti and the Egyptian System of Spiritual Cultivation by Ra Un Nefer Amen 2,799 views May 25, 2018 163 Dislike Share REEL NAGAS 28.5K subscribers Order Your Copy of the Great Book of Melanin Research Today!!! Melanin is a substance in the skin that produces skin pigmentation. Packed with knowledge of the food of the gods. Keissler [in Russian],Mikrobiolohichny? J101 reported that the yield of pigment at 25C was ten times higher than at 30C, probably due to long growing (120 hours) and lower viscosity of the broth at 25C compared to 30C [49]. The Management of Quality in Construction, Political Science. These results confirmed that fungal melanin could be used as component of photoprotective creams mainly for its free radical scavenging rather than its light absorption properties. Write a reviewor get your copy ofREGENERATE here. WebMelanin: The Chemical Keys to Black Greatness (Vol. Several biological functions of melanins are closely associated to their chemical composition and structure. WebThis volume goes over the brain hemispheres, history of religion, Black founders of civilization, the Sun, cosmology and cosmogony, the subjective and objective realms of being, analysis of cosmological system and view of man, spiritual anatomy of man, types of man and the cultivation of the spiritual man, the Tree of Life initiation system, The Melanin Empath Discover the Knowledge of Melanated Beings Born With Empath Energy Author: Jade Asikiwe Publisher: ISBN: Category: Body, Mind & Spirit Page: 278 View: 702 DOWNLOAD NOW 2020-10-27 in Cindy Sewell The Melanin Empath Survival and Healing Guide to Discover Melanated Beings and Avoid Damage from Negative Energy Author: Cindy Sewell It absorbs all visible wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum, hence its dark coloration, and, most notably, converts and dissipates potentially harmful ultraviolet radiation into heat. 103 pages, Paperback Published September 1, 2001 These results indicate that corn steep liquor contains substances that stimulate the synthesis of pigment and it represents a low-cost fermentation medium for large-scale production of the pigment melanin by MEL1 mutant for future industrial applications [74]. 15. Fungi constitute a valuable source of pigments because they are capable of producing high yields of the substance in the cheap culture medium, making the bioprocess economically viable on the industrial scale. Figure1 shows a general model for fungal dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN)-melanin biosynthesis. The pigment production capability of fungal species belonging to the genera Penicillium, Aspergillus, Epicoccum, Lecanicillium, and Fusarium was evaluated in different culture media, and the results showed that the complex media, as potato dextrose (PD) and malt extract (ME), favored increased pigment production [47]. Recent studies have demonstrated that, in addition to the ability of transferring electrons arising under the action of radiation, melanin also possesses ionic conductivity due to its ability to transform any type of radiation energy not only into heat but also use it for the maintenance of redox processes in cells [118]. In cosmetic industry, there are great interests in the melanin, especially to protect against the noxious effects of UV radiation by incorporation in skin photoprotection formulations [35, 148]. These advances allow to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the various biological functions of melanin [22]. 103 pages, Paperback Published September 1, 2001 The melanin produced by A. bridgeri was evaluated in vitro cytotoxicity assay using cell lines TE 355.Sk derived from normal human skin fibroblasts and HEK-293 derived from human embryonic kidney cells, and no cytotoxicity was observed against the two cell lines [103]. This result shows that the increased biomass does not necessarily result in increased pigment production because pigments produced by fungi are secondary metabolites whose production usually occurs at the late growth phase (idiophase) of these microorganisms [61]. Hairlessness would have increased our ability to produce vitamin D, an essential component for neurological development and the neuroplasticity and interconnectivity essential for intelligencenot to mention for the stability of our entire genome. The probable mechanisms of radioprotection by melanin appear to be modulated in pro-survival pathways, immune system, and prevention of oxidative stress. Carbon and nitrogen are necessary for cellular metabolism, and these sources are related to the formation of biomass, the type produced pigment, and the yield of the desired substance. C. neoformans, a pathogenic basidiomycetous yeast, is known to synthesize DOPA-melanin when o-diphenolic compounds, such as 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, are present in the culture medium. Ekaterina Dadachova et al., Ionizing Radiation Changes the ElectronicProperties of Melanin and Enhances the Growth of Melanized Fungi,PLoSONE2, no. Large amounts of agro-industrial residues generated from diverse economic activities have attracted strong industry interest on the utilization of these residues as inexpensive substrates to support the growth of microorganisms in bioprocesses. $33.33. It has been reported the use of melanin, a biopolymer with good biocompatibility and biodegradability, intrinsic photo-acoustic properties, binding ability to drugs, and chelating property to radioactive metal ions, as an efficient endogenous nanosystem for imaging-guided chemotherapy [152]. London, SW7 2QJ, The incorporation of the melanin in solid plastic films of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA-melanin film system) to be used in conjunction with other plastics to make laminated sheets or lenses, including sunglasses, ski goggles, ophthalmic prescription lenses, helmets, windows, light filters for artificial lighting, and other light filters that protect people from potentially damaging UV and high-energy visible light has also been reported [141]. and Alternaria alternata (Fr.) (PDF) melanin melanin Authors: Dr Sumanta Mondal GITAM (Deemed to be University) Abstract Melanin is a natural skin pigment. The presence of unpaired electrons in the melanin structure is responsible for various properties, including antioxidant, semiconductor, optical, electronic, and radio- and photoprotective [19]. Packed with knowledge of the food of the gods. An ideal pigment-producing microorganism should be capable of using a wide range of C and N sources; must be tolerant to pH, temperature, and minerals concentration; and must give reasonable pigments yield. The biosynthetic pathway of fungal dihydroxynaphthalene(DHN)-melanin. Some fungi have more than one biosynthetic pathway of melanins. This could have further increased brain development in the sheer size and complexity of neural circuits. The melanin can also function as a carrier for nerve growth factor due to the ability to get nerve growth factor across the blood-brain barrier, and this is the major advantage over conventional therapy. According to the authors, these media contain nutrients that can regulate the expression of genes of interest and activate metabolic pathways important for the production of pigments. I have summarised and bulletpointed his main points. Due to a planned power outage on Friday, 1/14, between 8am-1pm PST, some services may be impacted. This will also allow me to purchase better equipment to produce higher quality videos to learn from! It has also been reported that melanin thin films possess highly desirable physical and biological properties that make them ideal for organic bioelectronic devices [130]. In particular, it can be considered a promising material for sensors and photovoltaic devices, due to broadband spectral absorbance and charge transport properties [128]. Melanin: What Makes Black People Black. Melanin: What Makes Black People Black. Charles E. Turick et al., Gamma Radiation Interacts with Melanin toAlter Its Oxidation-Reduction Potential and Results in Electric CurrentProduction,Bioelectrochemistry82, no. This Can Explain the Rapid Expansion of OurGenuss Brain,Medical Hypotheses84, no. 306 ratings 30 reviews. 50% Discount on the Remaining Status Law Classes NOT on Patreon! on the Internet. In other study with A. auricula, it was observed that yeast extract, tyrosine, and lactose have significant effects on pigment production and the optimization of medium resulted in 2.14-fold higher melanin concentration than that of the unoptimized medium [65]. Comparison of the catecholamines L-dopa, methyldopa, epinephrine, and norepinephrine shows differences in term of color, yield, and thickness of the cell wall melanin layer. isolated from a wall surface, indicating its potential application as effective paint additives [123]. Since melanin has a stable free radical population, it is thought that the radioprotective properties of this pigment result from a combination of physical shielding and quenching of cytotoxic free radicals generated by radiation [18]. The melanin-mediated nanostructures with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against food pathogens may be considered suitable for many practical food packaging applications because they can effectively inhibit the growth of pathogens and increase the shelf life of packed food products [124]. In this study, we demonstrated that this melanin pigment did not induce gene mutations in different strains of Salmonella typhimurium used in the Ames assay. Radionuclide contamination also led to a change in fungal communities, with an increased proportion of melanized fungi. The study performed by [114] showed that the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase gene decreased and lower levels of cytokines, such as IL-12 and TNF-, were observed when activated macrophages were incubated with melanized cells of the Fonsecaea monophora fungus. 18. In W. dermatitidis and A. alternata, melanin confers resistance to oxidants permanganate and hypochlorite, representing a key role in pathogenesis of infections caused by these fungi [30]. [13]. Access to Any Private Q&A Livestream With Me! In our study with the hypermelanized mutant (MEL1) from A. nidulans, we observed an increase in the production of pigment when the initial pH of the culture was at 6.8 compared to pH 8.0 [50]. In recent years, the electronics industry has been driven to develop materials and components that are cheaper and more environmentally friendly. WebTHE GREAT BOOK OF MELANIN RESEARCH!!! As stated, a percentage of your subscription will be donated to this Worthy cause..Copstopguardian.org. was evaluated in the presence of 10 different carbon sources, and the maximum mycelial growth was obtained with fructose, whereas the maximum pigment production was obtained with soluble starch [60]. From a wall surface, indicating Its potential application as effective paint additives [ 123.. Can result in mutation and subsequent carcinogenesis, melanin nanoshells may be used contain!, indicating Its potential application as effective paint additives [ 123 ] biological molecule associated with in... This workis reproduced and distributedwith the permission of GreenMedInfo LLC to a planned power outage on Friday,,. On investigating the potential use of this pigment as active material in tissue repair engineering melanin appear to modulated! Nanoshells may be impacted due to a change in fungal communities, with an increased proportion Melanized... Increased brain development in the skin that produces skin pigmentation due to a change in fungal communities with. Have been focused on investigating the potential use of this pigment as material. Especially from an IntechOpen perspective, Want to get in touch and Versatile Polymers can the. 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For Top Supporter Exclusive ContentAnd My Undying Gratitude!!!!!!!!!..., Bioelectrochemistry82, no closely associated to their Chemical composition and structure, Biophysics Journal95 no. Donated to this Worthy cause.. Copstopguardian.org et al., Gamma Radiation Interacts with melanin toAlter Oxidation-Reduction... It has been driven to develop materials and components that are cheaper and more friendly... Some services may be used to contain Radiation from radioactive waste and biomedical radioactive materials the food of the of. Especially from an IntechOpen perspective, Want to get in touch 15 2018. Fungi have more than one biosynthetic pathway of melanins, a percentage of your subscription will be donated to Worthy. Supporter Exclusive ContentAnd My the great book of melanin research pdf Gratitude!!!!!!!!!!!!... 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